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- <text id=91TT1536>
- <title>
- July 08, 1991: Interview:Frances Conley
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- July 08, 1991 Who Are We?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- INTERVIEW, Page 52
- Walking Out on The Boys
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Dr. FRANCES CONLEY, tired of being called "honey" by male
- surgeons, resigned from the Stanford medical school. Last week a
- professor there was charged with sexual harassment.
- </p>
- <p>By Elizabeth L'Hommedieu/Palo Alto and Frances Conley
- </p>
- <p> Q. After 16 years as a professor at Stanford, you resigned
- abruptly, charging what you called "gender insensitivity" on the
- part of male colleagues. Most people interpreted that to mean
- sexual harassment. Were you sexually harassed?
- </p>
- <p> A. I am not talking about sexual harassment. I think
- harassment is too volatile a term. Sexism is one way of
- describing it. It is a pervasive attitude problem. The examples
- I can give will seem trivial, but they are real, and they do
- affect a person who has a professional life. If I am in an
- operating room, I have to be in control of the team that is
- working with me. That control is established because people
- respect who I am and what I can do. If a man walks into the
- operating room and says, "How's it going, honey?", what happens
- to my control? It disappears because every woman who is working
- in that room with me has also been called "honey" by this same
- guy, and it means all of a sudden I don't have the status of a
- surgeon in control of the case being done. I have suddenly
- become a fellow "honey."
- </p>
- <p> Q. Surely there is more to it than being called "honey."
- Are there any other examples?
- </p>
- <p> A. When I was younger I would be repeatedly asked to bed
- by fellow doctors. This would always happen in front of an
- audience. It was always done for effect. Another common example
- is that if I have a disagreement with my male counterparts, I
- generally tend to get the label of being "difficult" because I
- am suffering from PMS syndrome or because I am "on the rag."
- That is a gender-identification problem. You can't say that to
- a male counterpart who disagrees with you. These men tend to use
- the female image and those things that are perceived by society
- as making women inferior, i.e., the fact that we are different
- biologically, and they make that the focus of their dealing with
- me. I define that as sexism. It is not sexual harassment. I have
- had male doctors run their hands up my leg, never in an
- operating room, but in meetings. It is always done for an
- audience. Two months ago, I stood up to leave a meeting of all
- men and me, and as I stood up one of them said to me, "Gee, I
- can see the shape of your breasts, even through your white
- coat." I am sorry, but to me that is not right.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Why wouldn't men do this to you simply because you are
- an attractive woman?
- </p>
- <p> A. I have analyzed it, and I believe it's because they
- cannot see me as a peer. They have to establish a relationship
- that makes me inferior to them. The one they can immediately
- grab onto is a sexual relationship where the man is supposed to
- be dominant and the woman subservient.
- </p>
- <p> Q. You've said twice now that these sexist remarks are
- made in front of an audience. Why would that be?
- </p>
- <p> A. They have to show their peers that they do not accept
- this woman as an equal.
- </p>
- <p> Q. You have been a surgeon for 25 years. Why did you
- tolerate this kind of treatment for so long?
- </p>
- <p> A. In order for a female to get taken into the club, which
- is necessary in order to get cases and to get trained, you have
- to become a member. I decided that I would go along because I
- wanted to get to where I wanted to be. I really wanted to be a
- neurosurgeon. I thought I could be a good neurosurgeon. Had I
- made an issue of some of the things that were happening during
- the time that I was a resident, I wouldn't have gotten to where
- I am.
- </p>
- <p> Q. How pervasive do you think this kind of treatment of
- female doctors is?
- </p>
- <p> A. The vast majority of men that I have worked with--and
- there have been a lot of them--are wonderful, warm, supportive
- human beings who make me feel good about me when I am with them.
- It is just a few bad apples, but those bad apples can make you
- feel pretty small.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are all the "bad apples" concentrated in the Stanford
- neurosurgery department?
- </p>
- <p> A. No, they are not. I would say they are much more
- concentrated in the surgery department across all specialties
- rather than in, say, pediatric medicine or anesthesia.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What do you think you have accomplished by resigning?
- </p>
- <p> A. First, I will be able to rebuild myself and regain my
- self-dignity. When I resigned, I had not intended to make a
- statement. As it turned out, I did, because I wrote a letter to
- a local newspaper, and that does make a statement. Many media
- people said, "You are so naive." I really had not anticipated
- the reaction to the editorial I wrote. I have been amazed. It
- is like an abscess that has been festering for years. It's been
- getting bigger and bigger. What I did was throw a scalpel at it
- and opened it. Now there is pus running all over the floor. What
- I have done, I hope, is help others open up a dialogue about
- this. If we can get men and women to start talking to one
- another about what gender insensitivity means, then we will have
- accomplished a great deal.
- </p>
- <p> Q. The day after you resigned, you attended a
- student-faculty senate meeting at which one student described
- a teacher's using a sex doll to "spice up" a lecture, and
- another student said her breasts had been fondled. This must
- have struck a chord with you.
- </p>
- <p> A. I think the thing that hit me the most was realizing
- that these were medical students complaining, and they are
- having these kinds of problems in their learning place, where
- they are supposed to be free to learn and to train to become
- professionals. This is a pervasive, global problem for women who
- are trying to get into professional careers. I think the reason
- it is coming out is because of the critical numbers. Since close
- to 50% of Stanford's medical classes can be women, when you do
- something in a class that is sexist in nature, you're offending
- not four people but 40.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Stanford President Donald Kennedy has just brought
- disciplinary charges of sexual harassment and professional
- misconduct against a male cardiology professor. The charges are
- based on complaints that two female medical students filed with
- the university several months prior to your resignation. Do you
- think your resignation played a part in the university's
- decision to take action?
- </p>
- <p> A. No. I do not believe that my situation influenced this
- decision. I know nothing about this case. I have enough faith
- in the people who run the university to feel that they are doing
- what is right regardless of whether or not I have made a flap.
- I do not think that Kennedy or any other people would have taken
- my resignation into account.
- </p>
- <p> Q. You have said that the structure of medicine was set up
- for men by men. How do you think medicine would differ were it
- to be set up by women?
- </p>
- <p> A. It would be far less dictatorial. It would be
- management by committee--by teamwork. Uniformly, my operating
- room is a team, and I believe this to be true of most women's
- O.R.s. The people who work with me are respected, professional,
- and do a job. We are all doing a job to reach a common goal,
- and that is to take good care of that patient. I think the
- nurses feel as if they have tremendous self-worth when they are
- in my O.R. There are lots of pleases and lots of thank yous. My
- operating room is a happy environment.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Where does Stanford president Donald Kennedy stand on
- all this?
- </p>
- <p> A. I have spoken with Kennedy, and I think he is very
- supportive. I am not sure he was aware that the
- gender-relationship problems were quite as significant as they
- are, and I think he has been most surprised by that. I know he
- has been getting an earful, because I have been getting copies
- of many letters that have been sent to him.
- </p>
- <p> Q. You have said that with so many more females in medical
- schools across the country, their environments must change. What
- steps would you suggest?
- </p>
- <p> A. One is to raise the level of consciousness about this
- type of behavior so that the consciousness is ongoing. The
- second is to be sure that the appointments that are made to
- executive positions are made with a great deal of care as to
- what that person's feelings are and how they relate not only to
- women but also to minorities, nurses and secretaries. It has to
- be an environment where people are respected for being people--where every person has self-worth and dignity. There would
- also be value in having more women in higher administrative
- positions in medical schools, where the decisions are being
- made.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What has been your husband's reaction to your
- resignation?
- </p>
- <p> A. He has been very supportive of it, primarily because he
- has been very aware of my unhappiness. He, too, has been
- flabbergasted by the supportive response and feels that it
- should have come out a long time ago.
- </p>
- <p> Q. How has he handled all your private complaints over the
- years?
- </p>
- <p> A. He has always let me be a very independent person, and
- that has been terribly important for me so that I could develop
- as a professional the way I wanted to. I think at times he has
- been distressed by my complaints. He will occasionally make
- sniping comments at people who he thinks have been demeaning to
- me, but he hasn't wanted to jeopardize that which I have done.
- He has been very careful not to be actively entered into the
- situation, but he has always been phenomenally supportive of me.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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